LiNbO₃ ayitholakali emvelweni njengamaminerali emvelo. Isakhiwo sekristalu samakristalu e-lithium niobate (LN) sabikwa okokuqala nguZachariasen ngo-1928. Ngo-1955 uLapitskii noSimanov banikeze imingcele ye-lattice yezinhlelo ze-hexagonal kanye nezintathu ze-crystal ye-LN nge-X-ray powder diffraction analysis. Ngo-1958, uReisman noHoltzberg banikeza i-pseudoelement ka-Li₂O-Nb₂O₅ ngokuhlaziywa kokushisa, ukuhlaziywa kwe-X-ray diffraction kanye nesilinganiso sokuminyana.

Umdwebo wesigaba ubonisa ukuthi uLi₃NbO₄, LiNbo₃, LiNb₃O₈ kanye noLi₂Nb₂₈O₇₁ konke ingakhiwa kusuka ku-Li₂O-Nb₂O₅. Ngenxa yokulungiswa kwekristalu nezinto ezibonakalayo, i-LiNbO kuphela₃ ifundwe kabanzi futhi yasetshenziswa. Ngokomthetho ojwayelekile wokuqanjwa kwamakhemikhali, i-LithiumNIobate kufanele kube uLi₃NbO₄, kanye ne-LiNbO₃ kufanele ibizwe nge-Lithium Metaniobate. Esikhathini sokuqala, i-LiNbO₃ ngempela yayibizwa ngokuthi i-Lithium Metaniobate crystal, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi Amakristalu e-LN ane ezinye izigaba ezintathu eziqiniles azizange zifundwe kabanzi, manje i-LiNbO₃ kuyinto cishe akabange esafona Lithium Metniobate, kodwa yaziwa kabanzi ngokuthi Lithium Niobate.

Ikristalu yekhwalithi ephezulu ye-LiNbO3 (LN) ithuthukiswe yi-WISOPTIC.com

Iphoyinti lokuncibilika elihlangene lezingxenye eziwuketshezi neziqinile ze-LN crystal ayihambisani nesilinganiso sayo se-stoichiometric. Amakristalu ekhwalithi ephezulu anezingxenye ezifanayo zekhanda nomsila angakhuliswa kalula ngokuncibilika kwendlela ye-crystallization kuphela lapho kusetshenziswa izinto ezinokwakheka okufanayo kwesiteji esiqinile kanye nesiteji soketshezi. Ngakho-ke, amakristalu e-LN anendawo enhle ehambisana nephuzu le-eutectic eqinile ewuketshezi asetshenziswe kabanzi. Amakristalu e-LN ngokuvamile angashiwongo abhekisela kulawo anokwakheka okufanayo, futhi okuqukethwe kwe-lithium ([Li]/[Li+Nb]) cishe ku-48.6%. Ukungabikho kwenani elikhulu le-lithium ions ku-LN crystal kuholela enanini elikhulu lamaphutha e-lattice, anemiphumela emibili ebalulekile: Okokuqala, kuthinta izakhiwo ze-LN crystal; Okwesibili, ukukhubazeka kwe-lattice kunikeza isisekelo esibalulekile sobunjiniyela be-doping be-LN crystal, obungakwazi ukulawula ukusebenza kwekristalu ngokulawula izingxenye zekristalu, ukulawulwa kwe-doping kanye nokulawulwa kwe-valence kwezakhi ze-doped, okungenye yezizathu ezibalulekile zokunakwa Ikristalu ye-LN.

Ihlukile ku-LN crystal evamile, kukhona “eduze nekristalu ye-stoichiometric LN” okuthi [Li]/[Nb] yayo icishe ibe ngu-1. Iningi lezakhiwo zikagesi zale makristalu e-stoichiometric LN avelele kakhulu kunalawo amakristalu avamile e-LN, futhi azwela kakhulu ezintweni eziningi zikagesi ngenxa eduze-stoichiometric doping, ngakho baye bafundiswa kabanzi. Kodwa-ke, njengoba ikristalu ye-LN eseduze ne-stoichiometric ayiyona i-eutectic enezingxenye eziqinile neziwuketshezi, kunzima ukulungisa i-crystal eyodwa yekhwalithi ephezulu nge-Czochralski evamile. indlela. Ngakho-ke kusenemisebenzi eminingi okufanele yenziwe ukulungisa ikristalu ye-LN esezingeni eliphezulu futhi engabizi kakhulu ukuze isetshenziswe ngendlela engokoqobo.