Umphumela we-Photorefractive uyisisekelo sezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-holographic optical, kodwa futhi uletha izinkinga kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-optical, ngakho-ke ukuthuthukisa ukumelana ne-photorefractive ye-lithium niobate crystal kuye kwanakwa kakhulu, phakathi kwazo umthetho we-doping uyindlela ebaluleke kakhulu.Ngokuphambene ne-doping ye-photorefractive, i-anti-photorefractive doping isebenzisa ama-elementi ane-valent engaguquki ukuze kuncishiswe isikhungo se-photorefractive.Ngo-1980, kwabikwa ukuthi ukumelana kwe-photorefractive kwe-high ratio ye-Mg-doped LN crystal ikhuphuka ngama-oda angaphezu kwama-2 wobukhulu, okuheha ukunakwa okukhulu.Ngo-1990, abacwaningi bathola ukuthi i-zinc-doped LN inokumelana okuphezulu kwe-photorefractive okufana ne-magnesium-doped LN.Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, i-scandium-doped ne-indium-doped LN yatholakala inokumelana ne-photorefractive futhi.

Ngo-2000, uXu et al.wathola ukuthi highisilinganiso Mg-dodLNikristalu enokumelana okuphezulu kwe-photorefractive kubhendi ha elibonakalayosukusebenza okuhle kakhulu kwe-photorefractive ebhendi ye-UV.Lokhu kutholwa kwephule ukuqonda kweiukumelana kwe-photorefractive kweLNikristalu, futhi iphinde yagcwalisa okungenalutho kwezinto ze-photorefractive ezifakwe kubhendi ye-ultraviolet.Ubude begagasi obufushane busho ukuthi usayizi we-holographic grating ungaba mncane futhi ube mncane, futhi bungasulwa ngokuguquguqukayo futhi bubhalwe ku-grating ngokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet, futhi kufundwe ukukhanya okubomvu nokukhanya okuluhlaza, ukuze kubonakale ukusetshenziswa kwe-holographic optics ashukumisayo. .Lamarque et al.wamukela eliphezuluisilinganiso Mg-dodLN Ikristalu enikezwe iNyuvesi yaseNankai njenge-UV photorefractiveimpahlafuthi kwaqaphela ukumaka okuhlelekayo kwe-laser enezinhlangothi ezimbili ngokusebenzisa ukukhulisa ukukhanya okuhambisana namaza amabili.

Ekuqaleni, ama-anti-photorefractive doping elements ahlanganisa i-divalent and trivalent elements njenge-magnesium, i-zinc, i-indium ne-scandium.Ngo-2009, uKong et al.ithuthukiswe i-anti-photorefractive doping isebenzisa i-tetraizakhi ze-valent ezifana ne-hafnium, i-zirconium ne-tin.Lapho ufinyelela ukumelana okufanayo kwe-photorefractive, uma kuqhathaniswa ne-divalent kanye ne-trivalent doped elements, inani le-doping lama-elementi e-tetradvalent lincane, isibonelo, i-4.0 mol% hafnium kanye ne-6.0 mol% doped ye-magnesiumLNamakristalu ane-similarukumelana ne-photorefractive,2.0 mol% zirconium kanye ne-6.5 i-mol% ye-magnesium ekhishweLNamakristalu ane-similarukumelana kwe-photorefractive.Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-coefficient yokuhlukaniswa kwe-hafnium, i-zirconium ne-tin ku-lithium niobate iseduze ne-1, evumelana kakhulu nokulungiswa kwamakristalu ekhwalithi ephezulu.

I-LN yekhwalithi ephezulu ithuthukiswe yi-WISOPTIC [www.wiseptic.com]