Ama-laser amandla aphezulu anezinhlelo zokusebenza ezibalulekile ocwaningweni lwesayensi nezinkambu zemboni yezempi ezifana nokucutshungulwa kwe-laser nokulinganisa ugesi wesithombe. I-laser yokuqala emhlabeni yazalwa ngawo-1960. Ngo-1962, uMcClung wasebenzisa iseli ye-nitrobenzene Kerr ukuze azuze ukugcinwa kwamandla kanye nokukhululwa ngokushesha, ngaleyo ndlela athole i-laser eshaya ngamandla enamandla aphezulu. Ukuvela kobuchwepheshe bokushintsha i-Q kuwukuphumelela okubalulekile emlandweni wokuthuthukiswa kwe-laser yamandla aphezulu. Ngale ndlela, amandla e-laser ye-pulse eqhubekayo noma ebanzi acindezelwa abe ama-pulses anobubanzi besikhathi obuncane kakhulu. Amandla we-laser peak akhuphuka ngama-oda amaningana wobukhulu. Ubuchwepheshe bokushintsha i-Q-electro-optic bunobuhle besikhathi sokushintsha okufushane, ukuphuma kwe-pulse okuzinzile, ukuvumelanisa okuhle, nokulahlekelwa komgodi omncane. Amandla aphezulu we-laser okukhiphayo angafinyelela kalula kumakhulu ama-megawatts.

I-Electro-optic Q-switching iwubuchwepheshe obubalulekile bokuthola ububanzi obuncane be-pulse kanye namalaser amandla aphezulu. Umgomo wayo ukusebenzisa umphumela we-electro-optic wamakristalu ukuze kuzuzwe izinguquko ezingalindelekile ekulahlekeni kwamandla kwe-laser resonator, ngaleyo ndlela kulawulwa ukugcinwa kanye nokukhululwa okusheshayo kwamandla ku-cavity noma i-laser medium. Umphumela we-electro-optical we-crystal ubhekisela esimweni somzimba lapho inkomba ye-refractive yokukhanya ku-crystal ishintsha ngokushuba kwensimu kagesi esetshenzisiwe ye-crystal. Isenzakalo lapho inkomba ye-refractive ishintsha khona kanye nokuqina kwendawo kagesi esetshenzisiwe inobudlelwane bomugqa ibizwa ngokuthi i-linear electro-optics, noma i-Pockels Effect. Isenzeko sokuthi inkomba ye-refractive iyashintsha kanye nesikwele samandla enkambu kagesi esetshenzisiwe inobudlelwano bomugqa ibizwa ngokuthi umphumela wesibili we-electro-optic noma i-Kerr Effect.

Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, umphumela we-electro-optic we-crystal ubaluleke kakhulu kunomphumela wesibili we-electro-optic. I-linear electro-optic effect isetshenziswa kakhulu kubuchwepheshe bokushintsha i-electro-optic Q-switching. Ikhona kuwo wonke amakristalu angu-20 anamaqembu angamaphuzu angama-non-centrosymmetric. Kodwa njengezinto ezifanelekile ze-electro-optic, lawa makristalu awadingeki nje kuphela ukuthi abe nomphumela osobala we-electro-optic, kodwa futhi nobubanzi obufanele bokudlulisa ukukhanya, umkhawulo womonakalo we-laser ophezulu, nokuzinza kwezakhiwo ze-physicochemical, izici zokushisa ezinhle, ukucutshungulwa kalula, nokuthi i-crystal eyodwa enobukhulu obukhulu kanye nekhwalithi ephezulu ingatholakala. Ngokuvamile, amakristalu e-electro-optic Q-switching asebenzayo adinga ukulinganiswa kusuka kulezi zici ezilandelayo: (1) i-electro-optic coefficient esebenzayo; (2) umkhawulo wokulimala kwe-laser; (3) ububanzi bokudlulisa ukukhanya; (4) ukumelana nogesi; (5) i-dielectric constant; (6) izici ezibonakalayo namakhemikhali; (7) ukusebenziseka kalula. Ngokuthuthukiswa kokusetshenziswa kanye nokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe be-pulse emfushane, imvamisa yokuphindaphinda okuphezulu, nezinhlelo ze-laser zamandla aphezulu, izidingo zokusebenza zamakristalu e-Q-switching ziyaqhubeka nokwanda.

Esigabeni sokuqala sokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokushintsha i-electro-optic Q, okuwukuphela kwamakristalu asetshenziswa i-lithium niobate (LN) ne-potassium di-deuterium phosphate (DKDP). I-LN crystal inomkhawulo ophansi wokulimala kwe-laser futhi isetshenziswa kakhulu kumalaser amandla aphansi noma amaphakathi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngenxa yokubuyela emuva kobuchwepheshe bokulungiselela i-crystal, ikhwalithi ye-optical ye-LN crystal ibilokhu ingazinzile isikhathi eside, futhi ikhawulela ukusetshenziswa kwayo okubanzi kuma-lasers. Ikristalu ye-DKDP i-deuterated phosphoric acid potassium dihydrogen (KDP) crystal. Inomkhawulo omkhulu womonakalo futhi isetshenziswa kakhulu ezinhlelweni ze-electro-optic Q-switching laser. Kodwa-ke, i-crystal ye-DKDP ijwayele ukonakala futhi inesikhathi eside sokukhula, esikhawulela ukusetshenziswa kwayo ngezinga elithile. I-Rubidium titanyl oxyphosphate (RTP) crystal, i-barium metaborate (β-BBO) crystal, i-lanthanum gallium silicate (LGS) crystal, i-lithium tantalate (LT) crystal ne-potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) crystal nazo zisetshenziswa ku-electro-optic Q-switching laser. izinhlelo.

 Iseli yekhwalithi ephezulu ye-DKDP Pockels eyenziwe yi-WISOPTIC (@1064nm, 694nm)